Aurora Display Predicted Across the Northern U.S.
A solar storm is poised to create a stunning display of the northern lights across the United States this Labor Day weekend, stretching from Alaska to Illinois. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) has indicated that a significant coronal mass ejection (CME), which originated from sunspot AR 4199 on August 30, is expected to impact Earth’s magnetic field between late September 1 and early September 2 (UTC).
Details on the Solar Storm
The incoming CME is forecasted to trigger a G2 (moderate) geomagnetic storm, which could intensify to G3 (strong) levels as the main body of the solar storm passes. This phenomenon may allow the auroras to be visible much further south than usual, giving millions in the northern U.S. a chance to witness this dazzling spectacle.
Understanding the Cause
This wave of auroral activity stems from a powerful CME released from the sun. Such events consist of large clouds made up of charged particles and magnetic fields ejected from the sun’s atmosphere. When these clouds collide with Earth’s magnetic field, they can create geomagnetic storms, resulting in the formation of auroras. Often, they disrupt satellites, radio signals, and power grids, showcasing their awe-inspiring yet disruptive nature.
Potential Double Impact
Notably, space weather physicist Dr. Tamitha Skov has suggested that there may be two Earth-directed solar eruptions occurring, with one potentially merging with the other just before reaching Earth. In a recent post on X, Skov elaborated, stating, “the larger one catches up with the smaller one just ahead of Earth,” indicating the possibility of creating an initial disturbance before the main storm hits. This interaction, termed a “cannibal CME,” may be in play during this event.
Predictions for Visibility
According to NOAA’s Kp index forecast, the geomagnetic activity is expected to increase until it peaks at Kp 6.67 (G3 storm) between 06:00 and 09:00 UTC (2 a.m. to 5 a.m. EDT) on September 2. Consequently, the evening of September 1 into the morning of September 2 will provide the most favorable conditions for aurora viewing, with some minor to moderate storming possibly continuing into the night of September 2-3.
States with Potential Visibility
Based on the latest NOAA aurora forecast map, the following 18 U.S. states might lie fully or partially above the aurora view line:
- Alaska
- Montana
- North Dakota
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
- Michigan
- Maine
- South Dakota
- Vermont
- New Hampshire
- Idaho
- Washington
- Oregon
- New York
- Wyoming
- Iowa
- Nebraska
- Illinois
However, auroras remain unpredictable; those within the viewing area can enhance their chances by seeking clear skies, minimizing light pollution, and ensuring they have a clear view facing north.
Tips for Optimal Viewing
If you happen to be in one of the aforementioned states and wish to view the northern lights, consider the following recommendations:
- Travel to a dark location away from city lights.
- Ensure a north-facing view with an unobstructed horizon.
- Look to the sky between midnight and 2 a.m. local time, but start watching earlier as the sun sets.
- Exhibit patience, as auroras often come in phases and may begin as faint glimmers.
Lastly, downloading a space weather app can provide valuable aurora forecasts tailored to your location. Recommendations include the “My Aurora Forecast & Alerts” app, available on iOS and Android, and “Space Weather Live”, which also provides insights into current space weather conditions.
Explaining the G3 Geomagnetic Storm
As “geomagnetic storms” describe disturbances in Earth’s magnetosphere, a G3 geomagnetic storm indicates a strong level of activity that can significantly enhance aurora viewing opportunities. This event promises to be a captivating natural showcase this holiday weekend.
